Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone Essay -- A Level Essays

Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone History of Diamonds: The name "diamond" comes from the Greek word, "adamas" meaning unconquerable. Fittingly diamonds are made of pure carbon, and diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man.[1] Diamonds have long been a sign of wealth and fortune. Kings and queens have worn these forms of concentrated carbon and even more countless millions people over time have lusted after them. These gems can be transparent, truculent white, yellow, green, blue, or brown. To understand the value of these stones, and ultimately their role in war, it helps to first understand their origins and where they come form. Diamonds are the most frequently used form capital by the rebels in Angola, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo use to purchase weapons. The earliest gem diamonds were found in India and Borneo, were they were found in riverbeds. In the early eighteenth century, deposits similar to those in India were found in Brazil. The story of diamonds in Africa began between December 1866 and February 1867, when a 15-year-old found a transparent stone on his father's farm, on the south bank of the Orange River. Within the next fifteen years, African diamond mines produced more diamonds than the India, the previous leading producer, had in the last 2,000 years. This increase in production occurred at the same time as the diamond mines in Brazil experiences a sharp decline in their production. The depletion of mines in Brazil assured that supply would remain stable and diamond prices would not fall as they previously had when Brazil over produced in the 1730s.[2] Diamonds are the pure form of carbon in a transparent state, that ... ...fer, Stefan. The Last Empire: De Beers, Diamonds, and the World. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993. Tamm, Ingrid J. Diamonds in Peace and War: Severing the Conflict-Diamond Connection. Cambridge: World Peace Foundation, 2002. Web Sources: Allafrica.com: www.allafrica.com Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org CNN: www.cnn.com De Beers: www.debeers.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] www.debeers.com [2] Kanfer, Stefan. The Last Empire: De Beers, Diamonds, and the World. [3] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [4] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [5] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [6] Tamm, Ingrid J. Diamonds in Peace and War: Severing the Conflict-Diamond Connection

Negligence

IntroductionNegligence is a branch of civil law known as tort .tort is defined as a civil wrong in the form of breach of duty from which the legal remedy is an award of damage. Negligence is the doing of something which a reasonable person would not do or the failure to do something that a reasonable person would do which inflicts harm. Negligence covers wide area this meaning that it does not only involve careless conduct and involves a combination of the concepts of duty, breach and sufficient connection in law. The plaintiff does not have to prove that the defendant either intended his act or its consequences. Negligence is based on three essentials which the plaintiff must prove on the base of probability in order to succeed in an action in negligence, this are(i) Duty of care (ii) Standard of care (iii) Sufficient connection in lawDuty of care (dongue v Stevenson)Did the defendant owe the plaintiff a duty of care? This is the question we ask, which the plaintiff must prove on th e balance of probabilities. if no duty of care is owed the plaintiff calm must fail .the judge has the responsibility for deciding whether or not a duty of care exists as the issue is a question of law having regard to the fact of the case . The method used to test the duty of care will differ depending on whether this case involves negligence advice or negligence act Negligence acts are based on the doctrine of-Reasonable foresees ability -Proximity.Reasonable foreseeability Where in reasonable foresee ability we get to ask was the defendant able to foresee that his action or omission would cause harm or injury to the plaintiff? . plaintiff must prove that a reasonable person in similar circumstance to the defendant would be aware that their conduct may create a risk of harming the other person .breach of duty at this stage the concept of reasonable foresbility is concerned with the nature of the risk that has been created by the defendants conduct .in other words how would a  re asonable person respond to what exact type of risk.This is concerned with setting standards of acceptable conduct that will be determined with reference to range of factors including the likely consequences on the plaintiff if the risk eventuates and the burden that would be imposed on the defendant to remove the risk (Sullivan v moody ) (2001) 207 CLR 562 . The following steps are the once the court broad approach seems to involve in determining duty of care3.1Analogies –recognized duties of careDetermine whether there was a reasonably foreseeable risk of injury without that they can be never a duty of care .Determine whether the case is closely analogous to other cases in which duty of care has a ready been established .If not look to the salient features of the case to determine whether they reveal a sufficiently close neighbor relationship to warrant finding a duty of care3.2.2Neighborhood factorThe friend had brought a bottle of ginger beer after she had drunk some of th e ginger beer she poured the remaining onto a dish and decomposed remains of a snail floated out of the bottle .she suffered shock and gastroenteritis .she sued the ginger beer manufacture. Was the manufacture liable to her negligence? The manufacture was reliable.The court held the manufacturers have general duty to entire consuming public to ensure their products do not contain potentially dangerous effects that can be discovered on a reasonable inspection lord Atkins said that you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omission which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbor. Who the in law is your neighbor? The answer seems to be persons who are closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to act or omission3.2 .3 Social policyDuty of care will not generally be found if doing so would subject the defendants to an intermediate liability. policy considerat ion also apply in wide range of other cases where they allow the court to weigh competing consideration of legal policy to determine whether despite proof of foreseeability and neighbor hood duty should not be imposed either a tall the party need to succeed in his action. What this means is that general  policy issues are only taken into account where it would have been unreasonable to have expected the defendant to have done what would have been nesecassary to prevent the harm that occurred (stovin v wise)3.2.4ProximityWas the defendant so close that the plaintiff had to have him in mind? We have three ways to determine this (i) By physical proximity between the person or property of the plaintiff and the person or property of the defendant (ii) By circumstantial proximity that which exists in particular circumstances (iii) By causal proximity in the sense of closeness of directness of the relationship between the defendant particular act or omission and injury that the plaintiff sustained4.0 Duty of care for negligence advicesThere are clear differences between negligence word and negligence advice. Negligence words cannot cause loss by themselves. They cause loss only because persons act on them in reliance. second it is uncommon for people in social or informal context to make statements less carefully than if they were given advice in business or professionally the last words may be foreseeable receive such a coverage or circulation that application of (dongue v Stevenson) might lead to many claims for large amounts damages in the case (shaddock and associates v Parramatta city council {1981} 150 CLR 225) developed the following test of question4.1 Development of the law(i)Was the advice given on a serious matter? (ii)Did the speaker realize that or ought to have realized that his advice would be acted upon (iii)Was it reasonable for the recipient to act on the advice? Once the fact of the case supports the test it can be concluded that the advisor owed the plaintiff a duty of care4.2 Shaddock test, reliance and assumption of responsibility Shaddock and associate were interested in purchasing some land for development before they made enquires with the local council to ensure there were no plans that would affect they development the Parramatta city council issued a statement saying that there were no plans that would affect the block of land.Soon after purchasing the Parramatta council widened the road making the block smaller .shaddock could  not develop the land as planned because the block had become smaller .if they sold the land shaddock would lose the money because the value had dropped If someone gives information that they know will be relied upon and it is reasonable for others to rely upon it then there is duty to take reasonable care that the information is correct The advisor owed the plaintiff a duty of care in the case of shaddock associate v Parramatta city council5.0 Sufficient connection in lawThe plaintiff mus t prove that there was sufficient connection in law between the injury and the conduct. To satisfy this plaintiff must show that the breach actually caused the injury suffered which was due to reasonably foreseeable consequences’ of the breach. Sufficient connection in law has two components Causation -the defendant acts caused the plaintiff injury or loses Remoteness –if the defendant’s conducts did cause damage to the plaintiff is the defendant liable for the damage suffered by the plaintiff resulting from his negligence conductThe plaintiff must suffer actual damage recognized in law .the injury suffered by the plaintiff may fall in one of this classification personal physical injury loss of eye in mechanical injury, loss of hand in construction injury Property damage –involve actual physical damage to property Monetary or financial lose –involve lose of moneyLoses of wages5.1 Causation We ask the question on a balance of probability. Did the de fendant cause the plaintiff injury or lose? And to answer this we have some case test that we use5.1.1 But for test The but for test formulated by lord denning in cork v Kirby MacLean is useful for determining causation although it has limitations If you say damage would not have happened but for a particular fault then that fault is in fact a cause of the damage, but if you say the damage would have happened just the same fault or not, then the fault is not the cause of the damage when this happens you find both parties say but for your a fault it would not have happened but it’s both faults are the cause.In other words if the damage would not have happened without a particular fault then that  fault was the cause .the damage would have happened just the same way with or without the fault then the fault was not the cause (cork v Kirby Maclean ltd) The but for test to have some limitation for example say A and B light a fire independently each other in different places and meet up and burns down some house. Under the but for test neither B nor A is reliable as the house would still have burned by the other fire if he hadn’t lit a fire however in particular both would be held equally liable5.1.2 The common sense testThe high court has expressed dissatisfaction with the† but for test† and its limitation .pentony graw, lennard and parker (2003,p. 386) a preferred approach is to ask on the balance of probability the defendants acts or omission caused or materially contributed to the plaintiff loss damage or injury. The common sense test ask a question of fact (March v stramare (E&MH) pty ltd (1991)171CLR 506)5.1.3 Novus actus intervenesCertain activities or action may happen to prevent or break a chain of events or procedures and render the defendant not liable for particular losses suffered by the plaintiff. Consider an employee injured at work due negligence of his employer. they are been rushed to the hospital and the car he is in is involved in another accident causing further injuries to the patient .is the employer liable for this other accident suffered? Under this act it intervenes and rules that perhaps it carelessness of the other road users so the employer is not the cause and is not liable (knightly v johns {1982})5.2 REMOTNESSIn remoteness we look at the amount of damages the defendant is liable for. The defendant is not necessary liable for all the damages cause as the law must draw the line somewhere. In the case of wagon mound the defendant is not liable only for the kind of damage that were reasonably foreseeable that is damage suffered was not too remote. Example the defendant carelessly places a wooden plank which falls into a plaintiff ship hold and to unknown in both parties is full of vapors. The falling plank strikes and ignites the vapors with serious damages results with remoteness the defendant was not able to foresee that so the defendant is only liable for those type or kind  of injur y that are necessary foreseeable5.2.1 TEST OF REASONABLE FORESEEBILITYClearly personal injury or physical damages to property from impact are the kind or type of injury are reasonably foreseeable as the results of being hit by the plank, whilst an explosion is arguably to farfetched to be reasonably foreseeable .however if the defendant had known that the hold was full of vapor then the explosion may then be seen as reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of the plank5.2.2 EGG SHELL SKULL RULEEgg shell skull rule qualifies remoteness the issue of reasonable foreseebility in relation to personal injury .once the type of damage that is reasonably foreseeable is personal injury then the defendant is liable for all of that kind of injury actually suffered that s why the rule says that you must take you victim as you find him (egg shell skull rule )hence once some personal injury is reasonable foreseeable example if a person has some heart problem the you tell him to go and work in place where his heart will be affected and he collapses the egg shell rule applies (smith v leech brain &co ltd {1962})6.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ESSENTIAL ON DEFENDANT LIABILITYThe requirement that a plaintiff establish that a duty is owed by the defendant places a limit on the situation in which liability can arise in the first place . once the existence of duty care and its breach has been established , the requirement the plaintiff damages actually suffered not be too remote (that is reasonably foreseeable )place a limit on the extent of the defendant s liability .that is a duty of care limits when liability can rise in the first place ,and once establish ,remoteness limits its extent6.1 DAMAGESDefinition Damages is the sum of money payable by a defendant found the main purpose of an award of damage is fair compensation rather than punishment or retribution loss means the damage or loss suffered and can be in personal  property or pure economic terms damage is the sum of money awarded for loss or damage suffered 6.2CLASSIFICATION OF LOSSLosses for damage are awarded in negligence fall into two categories pecuniary And non pecuniary   Pecuniary loss is defined as loss which can be valued or determined by monetary value an award of damage for pecuniary loss aims to return the plaintiff as close as possible to the position he would have been in had the injury not occurred Non pecuniary – is defined as loss which is difficult to asses or determine precisely in money term. Award of damage for non pecuniary loss aim to compensate the plaintiff for their pain and suffering loss of amenity, expectation of life and so on as a result of the injury7.0ConclusionIn negligence we have to proof that duty off care was owed to the plaintiff by the defendant so that we can have been able to connect it with the law. If no duty of care is owed the plaintiff clam must fail. The judge has the responsibility to decide whether or not duty of care exists. If there are clear fac ts about it then duty of care is owed to the plaintiff. After establishing duty of care was owed the plaintiff must show that there was sufficient connection in law between the injury and the conduct to satisfy this the plaintiff must show that the breach actually caused the injury suffered which was type was a reasonable foreseeable

Alexander the Greats Impact on the World Essays - 1339 Words

Alexander the Great is without doubt one of the greatest military leaders of history. Not only did Alexander of Macedon conquer enormous areas of the known world but also he demonstrated dynamic leadership and masterful strategy on a large scale and tactics on the battlefield. During his life, he ruled the largest empire the world had ever seen, which stretched from ancient Greece to India. The son of King Phillip II of Macedon, Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle and first led Macedonian troops at age 18. Many times Alexander was worshipped as a god in some of the countries he ruled. He had a huge impact on world history spreading the seeds of western culture and philosophy across the world and has legends and stories†¦show more content†¦The men in his army, families, historians, philosophers, poets, scientists and others traveling with Alexander carried their Western customs with them and he made sure to place Greek and Macedonian people in charge of his c onquests along the way. As a result, Western culture mixed with Eastern culture to create a new culture throughout Alexander’s Empire. Many people fail to realize that Alexander has had a definite affect on us today, although not as great as he would have had on people of the past. In most parts the world today, Alexander The Great is considered a legend; however, in some places, Alexander is considered a god. One of the most notable people in history, Alexander has reached an iconic status in our world today. He possibly may have even been referred to in the Quran (Surah 18:89-98). There are still many stories told about him including folktales, and movies. In modern Iran, Alexander is still known as an evil king who nearly destroyed the ancient Persian culture and religion. Although the effect of â€Å"Alexander Mania† has died down since the time of his reign, you can still see the mark that he has left on today’s world. One particular side effect that Alexanders conquests inspired admiration in the military leaders that followed after him, though he may have also made them feel a bit of status anxiety. Scipio Africanus, and hisShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Importance Of Charlemagnes Imperial Coronation?1735 Words   |  7 Pagesotherwise known as Charles The Great had a tremendous impact on Western Europe during the early middle ages. Charles the Great enquired many tittles while alive such as King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holly Roman Emperor from 800 (Latowsky, 2013). People have knowledge of Charles the Great because of these tittles but lack the details of why his legacy lives on. This essay will look at the importance of Charles the Great’s imperial coronation when becoming Emperor of RomeRead MoreWhat Legacy Did Alexander the Great Leave Behind?933 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great’s actions and decisions have significantly impacted upon the world during his time, ultimately leaving behind a legacy that can be affiliated with the westernization of the globe. He helped bring the western civilization, which included the scientific and liberal thinking of the Greeks to much of the rest of the world. He introduced a study of science for science’s sake to the nations and he is also considered as one of the most successful military commanders in history, for byRead MoreThe Greek s Victory Over Persia989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek’s victory over Persia marked the beginning of not only an era, but of cultural expansion that continues to impact our modern day society. The accomplishments and endeavors of the Ancient Greeks, both visible, such as arts and architecture, as well as intellectually in areas such as philosophy, science and government continue to influence the world today. Many or none of these influential elements of Ancient Greece would have come to fruition in such a†¦. way if the Gr eeks had not defeatedRead MoreAlexander The Great : The Characters Of Alexander The Great1222 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the beginning of his short-lived life in Pella, the capital of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was immensely affected by the traits of his mother, father, and tutor. Philip II, king of Macedonia and Alexander’s father, was a man of great strategic ability, and gave Alexander practice in military leadership. This experience and knowledge passed down from his father became useful during his conquest across Europe. Olympias, one of Philip II’s wives and Alexander’s mother, had incredibly strongRead MoreAlexander the Great: His Influence on Future military Leadership and Tactics2411 Words   |  10 Pagesfind it hard to emulate; a good example of such men is Alexander the Great. This paper seeks to explain further Alexander’s military genius and its positive impact on military impact over the past centuries. The paper also gives a well tho ught analysis why Alexander was so much successful in his wars and conquests. His big empire spread all the way from Gibraltar to the Punjab and in his leadership made Greek the lingua franca of his new World (Cary, M, 1932). His real name was Alexandros III PhilippouRead MoreCatherine The Great s Reign1309 Words   |  6 PagesCatherine the Great is recognised world-wide as one of the most prominent and successful historical rulers of Russia. Catherine ll, Empress of Russia, is remembered in the majority, as an incredible leader of her time; with full entitlement of the title â€Å"The Great†. The term or title of â€Å"The Great† was given to rulers of the past by themselves or their countrymen, due to significant achievements or victories during their time of reign. The term Great has multiple meanings but in regards to leadershipRead MoreAlexander the Great: the Man, the Life, the Legacy Essay example1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great: The Man, the Life, the Legacy History is full of remarkable characters. Whether they were noble or unrepentant in their actions those were what made them immortal through our recorded history. One such character is Alexander the Great. Some have accused him as a drunken killer who wanted only to have the world under his rule. Others deem him as a kind-hearted man who wanted to better the world by spreading the culture of his people. The decision of what is in the right andRead MoreThe City Of Ancient Greece1223 Words   |  5 Pages the world was not divided into nations. All the people of the world were all in one place and spoke one common language. They tried to build a tower to reach the heavens and make a name for themselves, but God did not approve of this. Therefore, he decided to confuse all the languages of the people, creating many different languages. All of a sudden, the people could not understand each other because they all spoke different languages, resulting in the people scattering all over the world. ThisRead MoreThe Persian Royal Road Improve Governing And Communism Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesinscription, what role does divinity play in human affairs? Divinity plays a major role in human affairs because the gods let Darius rule Persia. According to the document of Xerxes from Persepolis, did Alexander the Great possess the desired qualities of a ruler? According to the document, Alexander the Great did possess the desired qualities of a ruler because he was friendly with his people, respected their culture, and was a great leader for war. Which Persian leader would be the equivalent ofRead MoreIntertestamental Period2955 Words   |  12 PagesTHE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS IN RELIGION LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY: LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 THE INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.1 HEROD THE GREAT’S PALESTINIAN RULE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 INTRODUCTION The Intertestamental period is the time between the last book in the Old Testament and the first book in the New Testament. This period is said to be around two

Training And Development For Employees - 1008 Words

Introduction For Staff or employees training is essential for specific purposes related to business. Incorporating training that develops employees towards long-term career goals can also promote greater job satisfaction. A more satisfied employee is likely to stay longer and be more productive while on term. Carter author there are numerous sources of online information about training and development for supervisors to conduct training among workers. These reasons include, Increased job satisfaction and morale among employees, workers motivation growth. In addition, efficiencies in processes, resulting in financial increased, and Capacity to follow new technologies and methods. Also increased innovation in strategies and products. Risk†¦show more content†¦Example of Examples of Employee Orientation Training New-hire orientation training is a critical time for the company and the new employee. The company has the opportunity to make each new employee comfortable with the way the company does business, and the employee has the chance to ease into a new job. Examples can demonstrate the types of topics that should be covered in an employee orientation training to create a positive experience for both parties. Introductions An example of an effective task during employee orientation is to introduce departmental managers and company executives. Employees rely on the managerial and executive staffs to provide career guidance and be a resource for corporate advancement. By introducing the hires to managers and executives right away, the new staff members feel as though the company is offering important career resources in the very first day of work. Procedures Company procedures are new to every employee in a new-hire orientation. To help reduce the stress everyone feels when starting a new job, the human resources group should do a comprehensive introduction to company procedures. Examples of procedures to be included in training include steps necessary to request time off, to submit a time sheet and to submit your tax filing status. New employees should also be informed of the procedures for reporting suspicious activity in the workplace and the evacuation plan in case of an emergency. Workplace Conduct

John Smith vs. William Bradford Essay - 1124 Words

John Smith vs. William Bradford Laura Ward To many Europeans in the early 17th century the Americas seemed as a new land of opportunity. John Smith and William Bradford were two of the first men who left England seeking adventure and freedom in the New World. Both groups had difficulties while trying to form their colonies and Smith and Bradford were both elected to lead. While they were both great leaders they had very different lives before their journey from England. While starting their new colonies they also took different approaches to making the land habitable. One of the most notable differences between John Smith and William Bradford was their writing style. John Smith and William Bradford were very different people in†¦show more content†¦Smith returned to England in 1609 after being accidentally being wounded. John Smith had a very interesting writing style; he was able to add his own special flourishes to his work while keeping it informative. His journal was a way for him to encourage more people to come to Jamestown or settle their own colonies. In his journal he often glossed over the bad things that happened or explained that all of the problems were due to inexperience. His journal showed all of the adventure but little of the consequences and there were several times that he could have died. Smith was an egoist and his writing reflects the way he would build himself up though several of the events in his journal that are unlikely to have ever happened. William Bradford, like Smith, was born in England and became an orphan young in his life. In his youth he lived with several different family members but never stayed anywhere too long. When he was 12 years old he began attending a separatist church the neighboring town of Scrooby. By the time he was 17 he was a full member of the church and considered separating from the official Church of England. Seeking religious freedom Bradford and other members of the church fled to the Netherlands. English influence even tually forced the Separatist out of the Netherlands and they fled to the New World. When theyShow MoreRelated Smith vs. Bradford Essay641 Words   |  3 Pages Smith vs. Bradford Have you ever wondered whose hands our country was in at the start of our time? Captain John Smith was one of the first American heroes. He was the first man to promote a permanent settlement of America. William Bradford was a Puritan who was courageous and determined to set up a colony where citizens could worship freely. Although both of these men were two of America’s heroes, they had more differences than known. Thus, Smith was a very proud and boastful man. Before reachingRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Plymouth And Jamestown1185 Words   |  5 PagesPlymouth vs Jamestown Leaders of Plymouth and Jamestown are both compare because they both came from England, Native Americans aided the newly incorporated groups by supplying them for food, and both empires resulted in the starvation and death. However, in Jamestown, John Smith set a goal to make money and get rich, developed the idea of everyone for themselves, men were the dominant gender, and Smith abandoned the colony and never decided to return. As for Plymouth, William Bradford s’ goal wasRead MoreEssay On Jamestown Vs Plymouth705 Words   |  3 PagesJamestown vs Plymouth The essay discusses from the story â€Å"From the generall histroy of Virginia†, by John Smith, a histrorical narrative is about the landing and the discovery of Virginia in 1607 at a place called Jamestown, this was the first permanent english settlement in the new world, the americas. Also â€Å"From of Plymouth plantation†, by William Bradford, a historical account, is about when 13 years later about 100 settlers went on the big fancy ship called the Mayflower and landed in MassachusettsRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 Pagesstoriesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672), The Tenth Muse (1650), the first volume of poems published by a residentRead MoreApush American Pageant Chapter 1 -24887 Words   |  20 Pageshalf-brother Sir Walter Raleigh organized an expedition that landed at North Carolinas Roanoke Island, but that colony also mysterioiously vanished. These failures really embarrased the English, especially when Spain was doing so wealthy. 17. Spain vs. England - Using the wealth acquired from colonized lands, Phillip 2 of spain organized and Invincible Armada for an invasion of England but the English fought back and inflicted heavy damage and defeated the Armada, which marked the end of SpanishsRead MoreResearch Hypotheses and Empirical Strategy527 Words   |  2 Pagesthe City†, The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Volume 107, Issue 1. 27. Edlund, Lena Cecilia and Lagerlà ¶f, Nils-Petter (2006) â€Å"Individual vs. Parental Consent in Marriage: Implications for Intra-Household Resource Allocation and Growth†, CEPR Discussion Papers 5474, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. 28. Emran, Shahe M., Maret-Rakotondrazaka, Fenohasina and Smith, Stephen C. (2012) â€Å"Education and Freedom of Choice: Evidence from Arranged Marriages in Vietnam†, Discussion Paper No. 6862, IZA. 29. EysenckRead MoreHistory of Globallization5628 Words   |  23 Pagesâ€Å"flattening† events (Friedman, 2007, p. ix) over the 50 years preceding the statement: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · 1803 Robert Fulton developed the steamboat and sailed it on the Seine River (France). 1804-06 Merriweather Lewis and William Clark blazed an overland trail from the eastern 1812 John Blenkinsop (U.K.) built the first cog railway. 1814 George Stephenson (U.K.) built the first successful steam locomotive. 1815 U.S. built the first steam warship. 1820 Thomas Robert Malthus (U.K.) wrote Principles of PoliticalRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pagesplacement, wage plans, and other matters that involved employee welfare. Taylor had described this role but it was others who advanced personnel management. a. Mary Gilson would be one example of the scientific management viewpoint. b. Also Jane Williams at Plimpton Press. c. The Henry Gantt/Elizabeth Briscoe clash at Bancroft Mills relates similarities and differences between the welfarists and those of scientific management. d. Henry Ford and his $5 per day minimum is worth mentioning, asRead MoreDebt vs. Equity and Asymmetric Information: a Review16933 Words   |  68 PagesDEBT vs. EQUITY AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION: A REVIEW Linda Schmid Klein, University of Connecticut Thomas J. O’Brien*, University of Connecticut Stephen R. Peters, University of Cincinnati March 2002; Forthcoming, The Financial Review *Corresponding author: Department of Finance, University of Connecticut, 2100 Hillside Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-1041; Phone: (860) 486-3041; Fax: (860) 486-0634; E-mail: thomas.obrien@uconn.edu Acknowledgements: The authors thank Ivan Brick, Shanta HegdeRead MoreMarketing Literature Review11908 Words   |  48 PagesPositive and negative incidents, Content and catalyst categories, Assessment, Managerial implications.] 20 1.2 Legal, Political and Economic Issues See also 25, 30, 124 Trademark Dilution and the Practice of Marketing. Robert A. Peterson, Karen H. Smith, and Philip C. Zerrillo, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27 (Spring 1999), pp. 255–68. [Discussion, Federal Trademark Dilution Act, Definitional and measurement issues, Typicality and dominance, Illustration, Implications for marketing

Language World view and Beliefs Essay Example For Students

Language World view and Beliefs Essay For instance, you might greet one of your aunts with the name , which effectively means fathers older sister, or you might call another aunt which means fathers younger sister. Paternal and maternal grandparents are each named differently aswell. There is a distinction between your fathers father and your mothers father . In addition, you would usually identify your siblings with different names depending on if they are older ( )or younger ( ) than you. This makes each family member more important, in the sense that there is emphasis on how everybody relates to each other. Everybody has a sense of identity and place within the family. We will write a custom essay on Language World view and Beliefs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A second point relating to relational titles is that every time I greet my paternal grandfather, it would be more polite to greet him with (paternal grandfather)! , rather than the western hello! greeting. Many children will refer to their elders with these names, as a sign of respect to those who are older, but it is rarely used the other way around. My grandfather would therefore call me by my given name. It is evident that there is much emphasis on the family culture in China, which can be seen through the use of relational titles, which does not seem to be present in western culture. Additionally, there is emphasis in Chinese culture to speak respectfully to ones elders, as can be seen by the fact that younger people use these towards their aunts, uncles and grandparents, but not vice versa. These examples illustrate the linguistic relativity theory in terms of the use of lexis. Jandt (2009) states that you can assume that if a language has a particularly rich vocabulary for a thing or activity in comparison to other languages, that thing or activity is important in that culture. This appears to be true in the case of the Chinese culture the vocabulary for different family members is extensive. Language and the Ghanaian Culture Mom A common saying in Ghana is it takes a village to raise a child. Many Ghanaian women will act like mothers towards their childrens friends. This is reflected in their language, as it is usual for children or young adults to call their friends mothers mom. The difference between the Ghanaian culture and the Canadian culture was noticeable for Macrina when she moved to Canada. She still thinks of her friends mothers as moms, but tries to refrain from using the word mom with them even though that has been a large part of her world view and culture. This example shows that the way you address someone from one culture can influence your perception of people you interact with in a different culture. Following on from that idea, a friends mother who she mistakenly called mom really loved it, and wants Macrina to carry on with it as a result, she treats her like her own daughter, for example giving her money and taking care of her as a mother normally would. In the framework of linguistic relativity, perhaps her friends mothers perceptions and attitudes were affected by Macrinas use of the word mom. She may not have treated her like a daughter if Macrina didnt initially start using that word. This coincides with the idea of linguistic relativity how thoughts, perceptions and beliefs are affected by the way language is used. Language and the Pirahi Culture In many (especially Western) societies, time is seen as a commodity. Language is used to describe time as being spent and wasted. You can buy time, borrow time (e.g. can I borrow a minute of your time? ), give time (e. g. give me one second), take time out of your day, make time for meetings, and so on. In contrast, the concept of time is nonexistent in the Pirahi language. Linguists such as Dan Everett have attempted to teach tribes in the Pirahi villages of Brazil how to read and write (Everett, 2009), but his attempts have generally been unsuccessful. Consequently, the Pirahi do not have a numerical or letter system to calculate or represent time. They do not think of time, and they are always living in the present moment. .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .postImageUrl , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:visited , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:active { border:0!important; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:active , .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417 .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc712a9c1481a9270ecf9abd01826c417:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Book Review (Betrayal of Work) EssayThey do not tell stories in their culture or refer to any events in the past or future. They only communicate through humming and whistling. This could be related to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, because if the concept of time cannot be understood through language, then perhaps the language determines or limits whether or not the Pirahi can even conceive of such a concept. Pejorative language in the Pirahi language When Dan Everett eventually learnt the basics of the Pirahi language, he invited a news reporter to visit the village. Upon arrival, Everett communicated to the head of the tribe that the news reporter would be staying a short while in the village. The people responded with Xai i hi goi kaisigi aihi xapagi iso. Everett turned to the reporter and said they want to know what youre called in crooked head. The Pirahi use the term crooked head to refer to any language other than their own, and it is a pejorative or derogatory phrase. This clearly indicates what their world view and beliefs are: languages other than their own are inferior (source: Colapinto, 2007). In conclusion, it is clear that there is a strong relationship between language, world view and beliefs. These examples have illustrated how language is used across Western, Chinese, Ghanaian and Pirahi cultures, and cover various issues such as abortion, family relations, the concept of time, and derogatory language. In addition, I have presented these within the framework of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. References Armstrong N. , Translation, Linguistics, Culture: A French-English Handbook by Nigel Armstrong (May 17 2005) Everett D., Dont Sleep, There Are Snakes: Life and Language in the Amazonian Jungle (Nov 3 2009) Jandt F. E. , An Introduction to Intercultural Communication: Identities in a Global Community, (Jun 30 2009) Montgomery, M. An Introduction to Language and Society, Routledge 3rd Edition (2008) Wardhaugh, R. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Wiley-Blackwell; 6 edition (Oct 2 2009) Wilson A. , Keil F. C. , The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (MITECS) (Sep 1 2001) Susan Dominus 2010 http://www. nytimes. com/2010/10/12/nyregion/12bigcity. html http://www. newyorker. com/reporting/2007/04/16/070416fa_fact_colapinto.

Supply Chain Management Changing Dynamics

Question: Define the Supply Chain Management for Changing Dynamics. Answer: 2: The changing dynamics which are related to the fashion industry have been able to force the retailers for the lower costs and the flexibility in the quality and the designs with the marketing speed and the key strategies. They need to work on the maintenance of the positions which are profitable for the increase in the demands of the consumer. The focus has been on the facing of the mass production with the increase in the number of the fashion seasons and the other modified structural characteristics in the supply chain which desire for a lower cost and the flexibility in the design, quality, demand, delivery and the marketing speed. (Bruce et al., 2004). The focus has been also on the marketing and the capital investment strategy which are identified through the driving competitiveness in the fashion apparel industry. The sense and the response are mainly the key strategy to handle the profitable position with the increasingly dynamic positions with the demanding market. The define d characteristics are based on the responsiveness with the greater flexibility and the maintenance of the close relationship in between the supplier and the buyer. Considering the use of the forecasting consumer demand and the other fashion trends, there is a need to work on competing in the market with the assurance that will lead to provide the development along with the fashion shows with the runways. The retailers need to be credited with the adoption policy of the quick and better fashion in the unplanned process in order to reduce the time gap in the designing and the consumption process. Considering the changing structure, there is a need to shape the industry using the Porter Five Forces which are: The competitive rivalry which is for examining the intense competition with the number of the existing competitors. The competition is high and needs to focus on the products and the services. At the time, when the rivalry competition has been higher, then the advertisement and the price wars are easily ensued. (Lee, 2002). The bargaining power of the suppliers where the force is about the power of how much the business supplier has and the way to control the price rise. There is a need for the switching of the cost firms in the industry with the supply purchase costs. The bargaining powers of the customers which have the power to handle the pricing and the quality. The threat of the new entrants with the absolute advantage of cost, input access, economic scale and the other recognised brands. The threat of the substitute products and the services are mainly to determine the ability for the lowering of the costs and working on the immediate and the long term inclination to change. (Maloni et al., 2006). 3: In the short life cycle, there have been spotting trends which quickly translate into the products in the time which is possible for the shortest period. The set structure has been pre-requisite for the success. The companies have been slower to the market which suffers in the ways where there has been a miss in the sales opportunities that does not repeat. The supplier needs to work on the products which is arriving in the marketing place with the demands starting to fall or lead to the markets of markdowns. The figure illustrates about the double jeopardy where the confrontation is based on handling the slow market system. The manufacturing is based on the flexibility and the batch size reduction which helps the organisation to work on reduction in the time-to-market. (Lummus et al., 1999). The usage of the automation process like the computer aided design and the computer aided manufacturing has set to the revolutionary process with the ability to make the changes in the product w ith the progress in the season or the life cycle. The markets of the fashion industry have been fuelled by the change where the trends are seen to be short lives and the consumers have the choice to keep with the demands of the consumer. The inexpensive price which adds to the social network have the power to dictate on the market structure. (Wathne et al., 2004). The business needs to work on the different fashion shifts with the trending look to focus on the shift of the attention from the time to market to the time to the consumer. The focus has been on the designing, production and holding the consumer closets. There have been growing interests in the design with the implementation of the agile supply chain strategies. The ideas of the agility are set to focus on responsiveness with the conventional supply chain. This has a longer leading time with the forecast driven necessity. There have been shortage of the supply chain management and need to look for the demand driven needs and requirements. The focus has been on holding the applications which are inventory based. The fashion markets are seen to be volatile and difficult for the production where the specific patterns are market sensitivity with the close connections to the end-user trends and the virtual shared information for the supply chain partners. (Lee et al., 1997). The network based patterns focus on gaining the strengths of the specialist players with the process aligned to the higher degree of process interconnectivity. With the increase in the supply chain management the power has been shifted and to focus on the suppliers, m anufacturer to the brand owners and the retailers. The focus has been where the consumers realised about the price drop or waited for the time which has less ordering. 4: With the change customer preferences in the apparel industry, there is a need to focus on the purchase and the needs or the wants of the people. This can be viewed as holding the management of the trade-offs in between the variety benefits and the inventory with the other costs which has been changing from the increase in variety. The change in the category of the apparel has been set by the attributes like the colour, style or the size where there is a detailed modelling for investigating the effects on the performance of the supply chain. The system dynamics with the simulation will help in addressing the long term and the dynamic management issues. (Lummus et al., 2001). The change in the variety of the products completely affect the departments with the increase in the varied style, size and the packaging functions. (Gereffi, 1999). The increasing variety has been set on the logistics operations and the costs which has a net impact on the supply chain performance and the developm ent. The major focus has been on handling the performance with the effect of the product variety when the leading time is ignored completely. The analysis is based on the recognition of the leading time variety trade-off with the demonstration to handle the leading company offers. (Lee et al., 1997). Considering the trade-offs in the regard of the sourcing countries and the quality, there have been set patterns which include that the companies need to focus on the supply chain management with the increased globalised competition. The risk management has been important as it allows for the balancing of the trade-offs and the sourcing with the lower cost countries. The renewed focus has been on handling the profit of the size sigma to control the quality with the balancing of the costs and the other productivity metrics. The suppliers need to work on the environmental factors and other regulatory compliance for the operational metrics. (Christopher et al., 2004). The structure has been set to manage the supply network with the quality and reliability and sustainability to revaluate the supply network strategy in order to reflect on the cost of the business. The main characteristics of the model include the employed raw materials with the manufacturing that has been done through the periodic review policy. The mark-on for the products is selected in the way which depends the final pricing in the retailer level. (Metters, 1997). There have been fashionable markets which include the short life cycles, high volatility, and lower predictability with the higher impulse purchasing. Reference Bruce, M., Daly, L., Towers, N. (2004). Lean or agile: a solution for supply chain management in the textiles and clothing industry?.International journal of operations production management,24(2), 151-170. Lee, H. L. (2002). Aligning supply chain strategies with product uncertainties.California management review,44(3), 105-119. Maloni, M. J., Brown, M. E. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the supply chain: an application in the food industry.Journal of business ethics,68(1), 35-52. Wathne, K. H., Heide, J. B. (2004). Relationship governance in a supply chain network.Journal of marketing,68(1), 73-89. Lummus, R. R., Vokurka, R. J. (1999). Defining supply chain management: a historical perspective and practical guidelines.Industrial Management Data Systems,99(1), 11-17. Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., Whang, S. (1997). Information distortion in a supply chain: The bullwhip effect.Management science,43(4), 546-558. Lummus, R. R., Krumwiede, D. W., Vokurka, R. J. (2001). The relationship of logistics to supply chain management: developing a common industry definition.Industrial Management Data Systems,101(8), 426-432. Christopher, M., Lee, H. (2004). Mitigating supply chain risk through improved confidence.International journal of physical distribution logistics management,34(5), 388-396. Gereffi, G. (1999). International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain.Journal of international economics,48(1), 37-70. Metters, R. (1997). Quantifying the bullwhip effect in supply chains.Journal of operations management,15(2), 89-100. Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., Whang, S. (1997). Information distortion in a supply chain: The bullwhip effect.Management science,43(4), 546-558.