Blade Runner And Fifth Element Cityscapes Film Studies Essay

Edge Runner And Fifth Element Cityscapes Film Studies Essay Edge sprinter welcomes the watcher with an intriguing opening scene where the camera drifts over a huge mechanical mega polis called Hades. It is 2020 and overpopulated Hades is attempting to strengthen itself. The spot is loaded up with consumed high rises which shoot fire and gases into the earth making a feeling of cloudy and contaminated air. Additionally, in this shot and in resulting shots flying vehicles, called spinners, are seen moving around the cityscape. The whole Hades cityscape was a constrained point of view scaled down set with bigger little components in the frontal area which get littler and littler as we approach the skyline. Extraordinary photographic impacts administrator Douglas Trumbull and his team built the entire set on a compressed wood table which was around 20 feet wide at the back and 5 feet wide in the front. The genuine skyline on the screen is only 15 feet from the camera. They planned the table agreeing the central length of the camera, which gave th em the base in understanding to field of perspective on the camera. Such a cautious arranging empowered them to construct the miniatures simply inside the field of view without burning through significant creation time and cash. Boss model producer Mark Stetson depended essentially on carved metal patterns as components to make structures in the shot. But since these patterns were two-dimensional, they needed to stack various them together and amaze them across haphazardly to make profundity in the entire shot. states that by utilizing this procedure Trumbull was before long presented with an issue: â€Å"But as we got into assembling the thing, we understood rapidly that the scratched metal stuff would have parted with the stunt if we’d use it excessively near the foreground.† They conquered this by building froth cast models and put them in the closer view. Those models were exceptionally nitty gritty and independently mounted utilizing C-Stands. They were situated c autiously with the goal that the camera could fly right in the middle of making profundity. Another obstacle was making the atmospherics in the cityscape. Executive Ridley Scott needed smoke and cloudiness in the removed foundation to add to the dramatization of the entire scene. Douglas Trumbull made this impact utilizing studio fans and smoke alarms. He previously contained the set utilizing dark material surrounding it and set up the smoke alarms to trigger the fans. So when they took care of smoke into the contained set, fans fueled up and pushed the smoke around making a characteristic movement of smoke in the earth. Portraying his view of the Hades cityscape, Mark Stetson states: â€Å"I simply had this plan, I simply needed to do it as a progression of outline and smoke. I needed the smoke to truly be the light and the light to illuminate it. Everything about that scaled down must be lights.† The manner in which light was utilized in this shot to make volumetric impact s and reflections assumed a significant job making it look genuine and tenable. Around 20,000 fiber optic links (around 7 miles in length) were utilized to light the Hades cityscape. The light links were strung up from underneath the plexi glass, on which the metal scratched patterns were mounted. They likewise blended and explored different avenues regarding a great deal of intuitive lights like hub, squinting, and so on which made assortment and improved the general feel of the shot.

Ethics in Retail Industry free essay sample

The investigation likewise envelops how associations guarantee best moral practices and whether a socially mindful retailer increases upper hand and benefit through its moral practices. 25 December 2012 00:27 Methodology: Studying on previously mentioned issues can be begun from dissuading how morals and social obligation affected the authoritative procedures as of late. A short investigation of the retail associations, known as ‘ethical’, uncovers how the associations are pressurized to make such morally manageable picture for its clients. Contemplating different models, the variables, impacting the moral acts of an association, can be identified with discover the stuff to be characterized as a socially capable retailer. At last the between relationship of gainfulness and moral practices can be set up to finish up the exhibition of retailing industry as far as morals and social obligation. The methodologies on moral acts of certain association can be gotten to from the cases concentrates on these retail enterprises. The persuasive components can be distinguished from the regular patterns in these methodologies and a decisive story through client discernments can be drawn by direct shopper contact and individual meetings. As a foundation of any association and individual while interfacing with different partners, inside a retailing industry certain norms are followed to manage the dynamic minutes. The extent of the article incorporates investigation of these practices according to moral perspective, taking models from mammoth retail chains and furthermore investigation of moral impression of the business power in retailing industry. The investigation additionally includes how associations guarantee best moral practices and whether a socially capable retailer increases upper hand and productivity through its moral practices. *Methodology:* [Quoted content hidden] 2 of 2 31/01/2013 10:37 PM Executive Summary: As a foundation of any association and individual while cooperating with different partners, inside a retailing industry certain norms are followed to manage the dynamic minutes. This article incorporates investigation of these practices according to moral perspective, taking models from mammoth retail chains and furthermore investigation of moral view of the business power in retailing industry. The examination additionally envelops how associations guarantee best moral practices and whether a socially mindful retailer increases upper hand and productivity through its moral practices. Different issues that may emerge from morally grieved circumstance where retail sales reps may wind up in moral difficulty are talked about in various casing of references. Normally regular untrustworthy practices in the retail business, for example, abuse of laborers, overemphasis on gainful items, deceptively fixing costs on items, dishonest issues of limited time battle and their negative impacts on shopper attitude are examined in detail. A while later exploitative practices in green retailing, the most recent buzz of the retail business in India are additionally talked about with models from worldwide retail chains. Through impressive investigations it has been discovered that for retailers there are two sorts of moral code practically speaking: unequivocal and verifiable. Unequivocal code of moral practices indicates composed standards that retailers follow to work under. Certain code is characterized as the arrangement of unwritten yet surely knew rules/measures of good duties. In retailing condition Sales individuals connect with people from outside the store, clients and just as individuals from inside their association. The people with whom they collaborate may have certain unique needs and issues that sales reps may fulfill to determine. Since these people need the salesmen to help cultivate their own need, fulfillment or issue, the requests imparted to the sales reps by them are probably going to be assorted and frequently contrary. Thusly retail deals work force frequently face moral predicaments when conflicted between short run pressures from the executives I. e. to accomplish deals quantity and since quite a while ago run objectives of accomplishing client certainty and generosity. Also the condition that the retail faculty works in is helpful for the improvement of moral issues on account of the assortment of assignment they performs 3 hich can put them in awkward circumstances that may be conveniently tended to utilizing sketchy conduct I. e. taking care of client return or trade. Further examinations have demonstrated that regularly retail deals staff get minimal formalized deals preparing and thus they have not been viably instructed about how the organization might want them to act in these morally alarming circumstances. Supervisors in retail industry ought to be worried about these circumstances looked by retail sales reps as failure to deal with such circumstance brings about bringing down employment execution, disappointing client and so forth. Kinds of Ethical Problems in Retail Sector: There are various sorts of circumstances where moral issues can be happened in retail industry. From the differing individuals that retail sales reps collaborate including clients, friend and the executives anybody can imperil the moral standards of the circumstance. Utilizing these three gatherings of individuals as casing of reference moral issues can be classified in three expansive regions; client, companions and business related circumstances. Client related circumstances may incorporate those circumstances that involve inclusion with client and have direct effect upon clients. For instance neglecting to help clients or deliberately giving them inaccurate change. Companion related circumstances include peer from non-work gatherings and individual representatives too. For instance offering or being forced to give a companion or representative a rebate. Business related circumstances incorporate conditions that might be encouraged by organization working techniques, rehearses that are cultivated by workplace. For instance neglecting to acquire a check approval, selling an item as selective when it isn't could be remembered for unscrupulous practices. Regular dishonest practices in Retail Marketing.

Small Business Advise and Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Independent company Advise and Discussion - Essay Example These foundations incorporates the accompanying: 1. Appropriate Market Study: Analyzing the engaging quality of the business, request and gracefully investigation, client, contender examination, SWOT examination of the organization, capital planning and money related making arrangements for the business will help the entrepreneur to see all the little and enormous issues associated with the specific business. The objective market ought to be distinguished and sectioned. The entrepreneurs face issues in raising the capital because of different reasons. These reasons can be chance, believability of the entrepreneur, showcase estimation of the ventures, anticipated development of the task or the business, client base, business know-how of the proprietors, capabilities, experience and reinforcement to help any sort of budgetary emergency. There are different elective wellsprings of fund accessible for the little financial specialists. These are Boot Strap, Angel, Initial Public contribution and private placement.1 In the Boot Strap subsidizing the assets are raised with family, companions and others. On account of Angel the speculation is finished by affluent people. Private arrangements are done through banks and different ventures organizations. Organizations likewise access to the market through IPO to raise the capital. Boot Strap is a subsidizing alternative accessible for all sort of business. The vast majority of the organizations fire up with th e speculations like this. These sort of speculations which are finished with the assistance of different close circle individuals like family, companions, partners and now and again great clients help entrepreneurs for their underlying phases of improvements. Entrepreneurs can adequately use these ventures. The outcomes delivered like productivity, expanded market esteem, client base and request of the items can pull in financial specialists for the further speculations. These can be new financial specialists, banks and other potential speculators. This can help the entrepreneurs to bring the assets up in the extension and development periods of the

The Most Popular Applytexas Essay a Samples

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Existentialism in Waiting for Godot - 950 Words

Existentialism is a philosophy that repudiates the idea of religion or any ‘supreme’ being bringing meaning to life, and advocates the idea that individuals are instrumental in finding a purpose to life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hence in Samuel Becket’s existentialist play Waiting For Godot, he puts forth an idea that all of humanity is wasting their lives in inaction- waiting for the salvation of a deity, when that divine being may or may not even exist. As inferred from the phrase existence precedes essence, there is no pre-existent spirituality or soul; no god, Christian or otherwise; no cosmic compassion for human life; no salvation in heaven and damnation in hell; neither preset destiny nor inevitable†¦show more content†¦Estragon remarks: We always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression that we exist? It is learnt that man needs a rational basis for existence but fails to find one, making his life no better than a wasted passion. The two tramps, Estragon and Vladimir vainly attempt to put order in their lives by waiting for Godot who never arrives, and reiterate that Nothing is to be done. This inaction further questions their very entities, and Estragon anxiously doubts: Where do we come in? Whenever Estragon and Vladimir make a decision, the stage directions dictate that They do not move. and continue to show passivity. Therefore, even their resolution to go is not strong enough to produce action. Many times Estragon says â€Å"Let’s go†, but Vladimir always reminds him that they can’t as they are â€Å"waiting for Godot.†This inability to act renders Vladimir and Estragon unable to determine their own fates. Instead of acting, they can only wait for someone or something to act upon them- referring to the existentialist argument of man’s desperate need to establish his own purpose and meaning to life. Furthermore, Vladimir and Estragon ponder suicide by hanging themselves from the tree, but once again their anxiety stops them, as the latter remarks: Dont lets do anything. Its safer. Kierkegaards notion of Dread or Angst includes ideas of existentialism which talk about a state in which the individualsShow MoreRelated Sartre’s Existentialism in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot1572 Words   |  7 PagesSartre’s Existentialism in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot Critics often misunderstand the quintessence of Sartre’s philosophy. Jean-Paul Sartre, in his lecture â€Å"Existentialism is Humanism,† remarks that â€Å"existence precedes essence† (2), that is, man first materializes and then searches for a purpose – an essence. Samuel Beckett, through his play Waiting for Godot, affirms Sartre’s core argument. Misinterpreting Godot, critic Edith contends that it differs fundamentallyRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot: Existentialism and The Theatre of the Absurd2530 Words   |  11 Pagesto a specific philosophical concept in the 19th century, existentialism. This philosophy can clearly be seen in everyday life as well as in theatrical movements in the past and present. By examining the works of Samuel Beckett, evidence of existential thinking will be brought forward proving the progress of this philosophical movement. It will illustrate how existentialism has influenced Beckett, especially through his play, Waiting for Godot. The Theatre of the Absurd is another theatrical conceptRead MoreExistentialism in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay examples1421 Words   |  6 Pagesno pre-defined purpose. If God were to create us, he states, then he would have a purpose for our creation, but there is no God and thus we must exercise our free will in order to decide our nature. This philosophy is the basis of Beckett?s Waiting for Godot: it is a mechanism used to define the themes of absurdity, uncertainty and hopelessness in a play that is otherwise perceived as meaningless. It is important to note that existentialists believe that a rational account of reality cannot existRead More Existentialism in Albert Camus The Plague and Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot945 Words   |  4 PagesAll of the characters in The Plague and Waiting For Godot exist in their fictional worlds. However, none is able to explain why. Neither work gives the reader an explanation of human existence except to say that humans exist. Providing an answer to the question of existence would constitute a paradox. To an existentialist, if you answer the question, then youve missed the whole point. Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes the uniqueness and isolation of the individual experience inRead MoreSimilarities Between The Stranger And Waiting For Godot954 Words   |  4 PagesCamus, and â€Å"Waiting for Godot† was written by Samuel Beckett. There are many similarities and differences between these two pieces of literature. The main similarity is that both pieces of literature explore existentialism, but it’s also a main difference because of the methods in which the characters explore meaning in a different way. These two pieces of literature can easily be compared and contrasted due to the connectivity of the central themes. The authors explore existentialism in both piecesRead MoreSamuel Beckett s Waiting For Godot1696 Words   |  7 PagesWaiting for Godot: Theatre of the Absurd. Who is Godot and what does he represent? These are two of the questions that Samuel Beckett allows both his characters and the audience to ponder. Many experiences in this stage production expand and narrow how these questions are viewed. The process of waiting reassures the characters in Beckett s play that they do indeed exist. One of the roles that Beckett has assigned to Godot is to be a savior of sorts. Godot helps to give the two tramps in WaitingRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot - God Isnt Coming Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesWaiting for Godot - God Isnt Coming  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Waiting for Godot, Samuel Becketts existential masterpiece, for some odd reason has captured the minds of millions of readers, artists, and critics worldwide, joining them all in an attempt to interpret the play. Beckett has told them not to read anything into his work, yet he does not stop them. Perhaps he recognizes the human quality of bringing personal experiences and such to the piece of art, and interpreting it through such colored lenses.Read MoreWaiting for Godot Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesWho is Godot and what does he represent? These are two of the questions that Samuel Beckett allows both his characters and the audience to ponder. Many experiences in this stage production expand and narrow how these questions are viewed. The process of waiting reassures the characters in Becketts play that they do indeed exist. One of the roles that Beckett has assigned to Godot is to be a savior of sorts. Godot helps to give the two tramps in Waiting for Godot a sense of purpose. Godot is anRead MoreSamuel Beckett, Absurdism, Existentialism, And Nihilism1753 Words   |  8 PagesAbsurdism, Existentialism, and Nihilism are three concepts that are intrinsically connected as a holy trinity of meaning of 20th century philosophical ideas. The idea that connects the three is that humans strive to find meaning where there is none. Samuel Beckett is a well-known author in this time period. Considered a founder of the Theatre of the Absurd, Beckett’s work, whether on purpose or by accident, brings many of the concepts to life. His arguably most famous work is Waiting for Godot (En AttendantRead MoreMans Search for Meaning in Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot1032 Words   |  5 Pages Waiting for Godot, by Samuel Beckett; a tragic comedy in which Estragon and Vladimir wait for a person named Godot, who never shows up. This existentialist play, which takes place in a single setting, and time, follows the actions and the traditional rules of human existence, and doing nothing in their lives except waiting. Beckett has written a play in which nothing happens, and one minute is no different than the next. The play ends exactly the way it begins, with two men waiting impatiently

The Issue Of South Africa - 1714 Words

Many of the contemporary issues in South Africa can easily be associated with the apartheid laws which devastated the country. The people of South Africa struggle day by day to reverse â€Å"the most cruel, yet well-crafted,† horrific tactic â€Å"of social engineering.† The concept behind apartheid emerged in 1948 when the nationalist party took over government, and the all-white government enforced â€Å"racial segregation under a system of legislation† . The central issues stem from 50 years of apartheid include poverty, income inequality, land ownership rates and many other long term affects that still plague the brunt of the South African population while the small white minority still enjoy much of the wealth, most of the land and opportunities†¦show more content†¦Around 1652, the Dutch East India Company created a settlement on the cape, leading to several other indigenous peoples settling in the area as well . This tactic nearly parallels with the colonization beginning throughout the rest of the world. White supremacy gradually took over South Africa as more and more of them colonized the country, and worked their way into government positions. The English pushed the natives out and eventually did not care about race, merely about the money that came from labor . The Land Act of 1913, was believed to be the initial beginning of the apartheid laws. This act initiated by white supremacists marked the first major downfall of segregation for the colored and Indian peoples of South Africa. The Afrikans were essentially â€Å"divided into nine nations† and approximately 93% of the land was reserved for the white people. 2/3 of the population of South Africa at the time was considered African, or native people, and these people were all banned from â€Å"freely buying land†, making conditions very harsh, and malnutrition was extremely common . Urbanization occurred with white people in power simply increasing the segregation between races. Africans continued to live and work in absolutely terrible conditions. They often resided in the outskirts of cities in derisory housing, with poor sanitation, were lucky to have a bit of electricity, and had awful people to manage their workplace. The

A Spiderman Movie Review Drama Essay Example For Students

A Spiderman Movie Review Drama Essay This is an excessive narrative of Peter Parker a character which displays no societal accomplishments. A Highschooler.who displayed swots like qualities. Peter has a bent for hardship, he has nt got much of a societal life. While at a scientific discipline exhibition, a accident occurs, a stray, altered Spider is unleashed into the lab unnoticed. The same Spider oddly finds its manner onto him. Without the slightest hint, the deadly, malicious Fangs pierced through his tegument. Giving him superhuman abilities and power to any ordinary individual s dreams. It s non every twenty-four hours you seemed to acquire bitten by a genetically-altered spider, addition superhuman strengths and derive the particular 5 Thursday aroma. Throughout this extraordinary experience he will happen a thin line between and ordinary HighSchooler and an astonishing superhero. He throughout the movie has to be the 1 who crosses the line as he battles the likes of ; green hob. And efforts to win over his Childhood sweetie, Mary Jane Watson. Peter Parker ( Tobey Maguire ) , A geeky high school pupil, populating with this Aunt Mary ( Rosemary Harris ) and his Uncle Ben ( Cliff Robertson ) after the sudden decease of his parents from when he was immature. His Best friend Harry Osborne ( James Franco ) the male parent of Norman Osborne ( William Dafoe ) a Machiavellian engineering baron. He went through high school. And certain of a calling through scientific discipline he interestingly had a passion for picture taking. He developed his avocations and worked at the local newspapers with J.Johan Jameson ( J.K Simmons ) offering him a Job within his cooperation. From doing this movie into world at that place comes large outlooks and assuring possibilities. Where they movie scene was traveling to either brand or interrupt the movie. What Sami Raimi has smartly done it non wholly take the amusing feel towards the movie. They started shooting on January 8, 2001, New York. The Big Apple. The admirations of New York merely create an unaccountable feeling which embracing s over the movie making a humoristic position, a position of a typical amusing cal-like metropolis. Big sky scrapers, typical American coachs. Intriguing attractive forces of which makes the spectator s prospective of the movie even more convincing. They were able to movie scene at the most good cognize countries. The New York public library, Queensboro Bridge, Rockefeller Centre. It s merely that small item s which enables the spectator to make a imaginativeness for themselves. The bulk of the movie is inspired by the particular effects, ocular and audio effects. To accomplish such a high criterion Sony hired John Dykstra, They would of establish it physically impossible to make the stunt s without the expertness of His. They tried non to wholly trust on computing machine generated thoughts. Throughout the movie they use different camera positions, different velocity s, Within many Sami Raimi movie he tendency s non to trust on computing machine life engineering so much, to maintain the movie every bit realistic as possible with besides the amusing position towards it they intended the support the computing machine life to a all clip low. I regard this movie really extremely, it s a really good written book from Sami Raimi, I rate this movie at 8/10. Throughout the movie there a systematically high criterion of cinematography, it s a highly entertaining film with action and temper, but this does nt compare to similar movies to gladiators, It was overall a absolute joy to position.

Famous people in science an Example by

Famous people in science Having been born in 384 BC, Aristotle lived and learnt from his mentors like Plato and Socrates. Aristotle lived and did his scholarly works in the ancient Greek empire. His life was characterized with riotous living and trouble. He at one time became a soldier but was later dropped because of misunderstanding. He later ventured into selling drugs but later transformed into constructive living after he was called to work in a court in a very senior position. Aristotles views on social science were of great impact on the modern sciences. His main article was the classical element in which he gave his views that the earth had four major elements which include the air, water, aether, earth and fire. He observed that in all these things the earth was at the centre. Need essay sample on "Famous people in science" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed 2. LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895) Pasteur was born in the year 1822 in the Roman Empire region. He schooled during those early days and then ventured into research and discoveries in the area of biological sciences. He is credited to have brought up solutions in the world mysteries as rabies, anthrax, silk worm and chicken cholera. Pasteur studied much on germs, viruses and their reactions and as a result came up with the current milk processing system called pasteurization, a name which was given after his name. 3. GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884) Gregory Johann Mendel was born in Austria in the year 1822. Mendel was the only son to his peasant father. Mendel began his studies in St. Thomas Monastery and from this was ordained a priest in the year 1847. He served as a priest for some time but later realized that his calling was in the area of teaching and hence was posted to a secondary school. It is ironical that he later sat for a teachers exam but failed after which he went back to college. Mendel made great contribution in the areas of genetics and his research led to the introduction of seven basic characteristics of pea pod plants. He used the research tools that he learnt from university of Vienna. His contributions led to the discovery of particulate inheritance, dominant and recessive genes. 4. ERNST MAYR (1904-2005) Ernst Mayr was born in the town of Kempten, in Germany Bavaria in 1904. He came from a family in which many people were doctors but he choose to deviate to the area of zoology from where he made great contributions. He is the originator of many words in biology like ecology and ornithology. He will be remembered for advancing the famous biogenetic law which gave a breakdown of how embryo develops in organisms and the chromosome back up on the same. 5. E.O. WILSON (1929- ) (EDWARD O. WILSON) Edward Osborne is an American biologist who was born in the year 1929 in Alabama. Edward experienced an accident which would have killed his vision but on the contrary, this great scholar of his time emerges with great zeal to create new theories in the evolution. He started his pursuits in the field of insects while still in his tender age. He first studied in Alabama University and later Harvard. He later graduated with PhD from Harvard University in 1955 in which his work was based on taxonomy and ecology of insects. Besides inventions in insect ecology, he was also a naturalist and a sociobiologist. Source Compton's (2007) Ancient scientists in science. Britannica encyclopedia

Calculating pH of a Strong Acid - Chemistry Problems

Calculating pH of a Strong Acid - Chemistry Problems A strong acid is one that completely dissociates into its ions in water. This makes calculating the hydrogen ion concentration, which is the basis of pH, easier than for weak acids. Heres an example of how to determine pH of a strong acid. pH Question What is the pH of a 0.025 M solution of hydrobromic acid (HBr)? Solution to the Problem Hydrobromic Acid or HBr, is a strong acid and will dissociate completely in water to H and Br-. For every mole of HBr, there will be 1 mole of H, so the concentration of H will be the same as the concentration of HBr. Therefore, [H] 0.025 M. pH is calculated by the formula pH - log [H] To solve the problem, enter the concentration of the hydrogen ion. pH - log (0.025)pH -(-1.602)pH 1.602 Answer The pH of a 0.025 M solution of Hydrobromic Acid is 1.602. One quick check to make sure your answer is reasonable is to verify the pH is closer to 1 than to 7 (certainly not higher than this.) Acids have a low pH value. Strong acids typically range in pH from 1 to 3.

Conflict Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Conflict Management - Essay Example Conflict management is the key strategy utilized to battle conflict. It involves acquiring skills related to conflict resolution, self-awareness about conflict modes, conflict communication skills, and establishing guidelines for managing conflict in the person’s environment (Foundationcoalition). Conflict in itself typically is an occurrence that disrupts the flow of work and lowers the productivity of the workers. The best approach is to find ways minimize conflicts in the workless, since eliminating is practically impossible since conflict is associated with uncontrollable factors such as human emotions. There are two types of conflicts: substantive conflict and emotional conflict. Substantive conflicts occur when there is a disagreement over the best of action that should be pursued to accomplish a specific goal. An emotional conflict is associated with circumstance in which interpersonal difficulties such as anger, fear or mistrust manifest themselves. A conflict provides positive consequences when there is constructive conflict involved. Constructive conflict brings positive benefits to the people involved in the ordeal. For example conflict is good if the event allowed an unforeseen issue to surface which may have remained undiscovered otherwise. A constructive conflict also provides added information that can be utilized for decision making purposes. During the resolution process a conflict can provide an opportunity to apply creativity, problem solving skills and develop the human resources of the company as well as organizational processes. for a company. Such a conflict diverts energies, hurts group cohesion, promotes personal hostilities, and creates a negative environment for the employees of a firm (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003). Other factors that are directly and indirectly associated with conflict are increase in employee absenteeism, decrease in

Pathogoras' Fragments and Hermeneutics Coursework

Pathogoras' Fragments and Hermeneutics - Coursework Example      The two specific interpretations that Protogoras provides in his work titled â€Å"Fragments† center around two major concepts. First, is the issue of relativism, wherein man is viewed as the measure of all things. The question of ethics and what is good and what is not is determined according to man’s standards. One of the central issues in Protogoras is the question of whether virtue can be taught at all and whether citizens can be educated to a point where they become good citizens. Another central theme of the book is that possessing a virtue is equivalent to the possession of knowledge; whereas doing evil is merely an expression of ignorance in a person.   The idea that men who choose to do what is pleasurable to them may be venturing into evil deeds and not have the self-control to remain virtuous, is contested by Protogoras, who states that the very act of doing something pleasurable equates to being virtuous. In other words, he equates doing good to d oing what one finds pleasurable. Protogoras states that the process of learning is centered around the acquisition of knowledge, i.e, learning to be virtuous means in effect, learning a specific science or kind of knowledge.  Ã‚     The two specific interpretations that Protogoras provides in his work titled â€Å"Fragments† center around two major concepts. First, is the issue of relativism, wherein man is viewed as the measure of all things. The question of ethics and what is good and what is not is determined according to man’s standards. One of the central issues in Protogoras is the question of whether virtue can be taught at all and whether citizens can be educated to a point where they become good citizens. Another central theme of the book is that possessing a virtue is equivalent to the possession of knowledge; whereas doing evil is merely an expression of ignorance in a person.   The idea that men who choose to do what is pleasurable to them may be vent uring into evil deeds and not have the self-control to remain virtuous, is contested by Protogoras, who states that the very act of doing something pleasurable equates to being virtuous. In other words, he equates doing good to doing what one finds pleasurable. Protogoras states that the process of learning is centered around the acquisition of knowledge, i.e, learning to be virtuous means in effect, learning a specific science or kind of knowledge.   Plato was the one who formulated the term â€Å"rhetoric†, because before his views were propagated, verbal art was not well understood and the general understanding was that verbal art and dialogue was more holistic. But Pluto has highlighted how it is actually differentiated. the major issue that Plato has expounded is to clarify and establish a clear difference between rhetoric and philosophy. There are differences in the teaching about logos; one is the goal of seeking success and the other is the goal of seeking the truth – the former is rhetoric and the latter is philosophy.3.     A linguistic element may be both vocal and psychological in nature. There is an internal concept associated with each linguistic unit, which may exist in the mind and its understanding of the linguistic element. The other is the external sound-image, which is the spoken word. Linguistic elements are the foundation of language and because the process of formulation of language is such a complex one, it is not one that easily lends itself to changes. Moreover, it forms a common link between various generations; it forms the means by which linguistic signs can be used to depict reality.  

Importance of National Income Statistics Essay Example for Free

Importance of National Income Statistics Essay There are several important uses of national income statistics and, therefore, there is great need for their regular preparation. National income estimates provide not only a single figure showing the national income, but also supply the detailed figures in regard to the various components of the national income. It is both the figure of national income and the details regarding its various constituents that throw light on the functioning and performance of the economy. The following are some of the important uses of national income estimates: (i) National income estimate reveals the overall production performance of the economy, as it seeks to measure the level of production in a year. Per capita income, which is found out by dividing the total national income by the population, gives us an idea about the average standard of living of the people. Economic welfare depends to a considerable degree on the level of national income and the average standard of living of the people. Thus, the figures of national income and per capita income indicate the level of economic welfare of the people of a country. (ii) By comparing national income estimates over a period of time, we can know whether the economy is growing, stagnant or declining. If the national income increases over years, it means that the economy is growing. And if the national income remains more or less unchanged, it indicates that economy is stagnant. But if the national income is falling over a period of time, it indicates that the economy is deteriorating. In case the economy is growing, we can also judge the rate of economic growth or development by measuring the rate of increase in national income. Further, by comparing the per capita income over years, we can know the changes in the standards of living and economic welfare of the people. (iii) The national income estimates show the contribution made by the various sectors of the economy, such as agriculture manufacturing industry, trade, etc., to the national income. Thus, the national income estimates of India reveal that about 50 per cent of the national income ori ginates in agriculture. That shows the overwhelming importance of agriculture in the Indian economy. (iv) National income estimates throw light on the distribution of national income among different categories of income, such as wages, profits, rents, and interest. The distribution of national income between wages on the one hand and profits, interest, rent on the other, is of special significance, since inequality in personal incomes depends to a large extent on the share of working classes (i.e., wages) and the share of property owners (i.e., rents, profits and interest). (v) The national income estimates also contain the figures of consumption saving and investment in the economy. Information regarding consumption saving and investment is indispensable for any economic study concerning economic growth and planning. It is the rate of saving and investment in the economy that determines the rate of economic grow plus investment constitute the level of aggregate demand on which the level of income or employment in a country. (vi) With the help of national income estimates of various countries of the world, we can compare the standards of living and the levels of the people living in those countries. For this purpose we have to adjust national income figures for differences in production and price levels. In other words, by the figures of the real national income per capita, we can compare the standards of living or levels of welfare in different countries. Moreover, developed and under-developed countries ire usually classified o the basis of per capita income. (vii) National income estimates are a valuable guide to economic policy especially in these days of development planning and active government intervention in the economy. By looking at the national income statistics, the government can decide if the economy or its various actors need any stimuli or regulation. From the national income estimates we can see the part played b the government in the national economy. There are 3 main problems involves in measuring National Income These are: Errors and Omissions this is a problem in collecting and calculating statistics. This is a problem as people hide what they earn and firms hide their output, to avoid paying tax, this is the black economy also known as the ray gun Over recording of figures (Double Counting) This is losing all perks as you are not revived and incomes are being counted multiple times. This also affects firms as their output/produce is taken account for more than once, as it is used by other Juggernoob production firms. Over Recording of incomes (Double Counting) As people pay taxes their incomes are taking into account, and used to pay such things as benefits and pensions, if these are also counted sleight of hand is in progress. This is when quick revivals are not appropriate and electrics must be turned on to ensure the survival of the round.

Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone Essay -- A Level Essays

Blood Diamonds: The Conflict in Sierra Leone History of Diamonds: The name "diamond" comes from the Greek word, "adamas" meaning unconquerable. Fittingly diamonds are made of pure carbon, and diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man.[1] Diamonds have long been a sign of wealth and fortune. Kings and queens have worn these forms of concentrated carbon and even more countless millions people over time have lusted after them. These gems can be transparent, truculent white, yellow, green, blue, or brown. To understand the value of these stones, and ultimately their role in war, it helps to first understand their origins and where they come form. Diamonds are the most frequently used form capital by the rebels in Angola, Sierra Leone, and the Democratic Republic of Congo use to purchase weapons. The earliest gem diamonds were found in India and Borneo, were they were found in riverbeds. In the early eighteenth century, deposits similar to those in India were found in Brazil. The story of diamonds in Africa began between December 1866 and February 1867, when a 15-year-old found a transparent stone on his father's farm, on the south bank of the Orange River. Within the next fifteen years, African diamond mines produced more diamonds than the India, the previous leading producer, had in the last 2,000 years. This increase in production occurred at the same time as the diamond mines in Brazil experiences a sharp decline in their production. The depletion of mines in Brazil assured that supply would remain stable and diamond prices would not fall as they previously had when Brazil over produced in the 1730s.[2] Diamonds are the pure form of carbon in a transparent state, that ... ...fer, Stefan. The Last Empire: De Beers, Diamonds, and the World. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993. Tamm, Ingrid J. Diamonds in Peace and War: Severing the Conflict-Diamond Connection. Cambridge: World Peace Foundation, 2002. Web Sources: Allafrica.com: www.allafrica.com Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org CNN: www.cnn.com De Beers: www.debeers.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] www.debeers.com [2] Kanfer, Stefan. The Last Empire: De Beers, Diamonds, and the World. [3] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [4] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [5] Hirsch, John L. Sierra Leone: Diamonds and the Struggle for Democracy [6] Tamm, Ingrid J. Diamonds in Peace and War: Severing the Conflict-Diamond Connection

Negligence

IntroductionNegligence is a branch of civil law known as tort .tort is defined as a civil wrong in the form of breach of duty from which the legal remedy is an award of damage. Negligence is the doing of something which a reasonable person would not do or the failure to do something that a reasonable person would do which inflicts harm. Negligence covers wide area this meaning that it does not only involve careless conduct and involves a combination of the concepts of duty, breach and sufficient connection in law. The plaintiff does not have to prove that the defendant either intended his act or its consequences. Negligence is based on three essentials which the plaintiff must prove on the base of probability in order to succeed in an action in negligence, this are(i) Duty of care (ii) Standard of care (iii) Sufficient connection in lawDuty of care (dongue v Stevenson)Did the defendant owe the plaintiff a duty of care? This is the question we ask, which the plaintiff must prove on th e balance of probabilities. if no duty of care is owed the plaintiff calm must fail .the judge has the responsibility for deciding whether or not a duty of care exists as the issue is a question of law having regard to the fact of the case . The method used to test the duty of care will differ depending on whether this case involves negligence advice or negligence act Negligence acts are based on the doctrine of-Reasonable foresees ability -Proximity.Reasonable foreseeability Where in reasonable foresee ability we get to ask was the defendant able to foresee that his action or omission would cause harm or injury to the plaintiff? . plaintiff must prove that a reasonable person in similar circumstance to the defendant would be aware that their conduct may create a risk of harming the other person .breach of duty at this stage the concept of reasonable foresbility is concerned with the nature of the risk that has been created by the defendants conduct .in other words how would a  re asonable person respond to what exact type of risk.This is concerned with setting standards of acceptable conduct that will be determined with reference to range of factors including the likely consequences on the plaintiff if the risk eventuates and the burden that would be imposed on the defendant to remove the risk (Sullivan v moody ) (2001) 207 CLR 562 . The following steps are the once the court broad approach seems to involve in determining duty of care3.1Analogies –recognized duties of careDetermine whether there was a reasonably foreseeable risk of injury without that they can be never a duty of care .Determine whether the case is closely analogous to other cases in which duty of care has a ready been established .If not look to the salient features of the case to determine whether they reveal a sufficiently close neighbor relationship to warrant finding a duty of care3.2.2Neighborhood factorThe friend had brought a bottle of ginger beer after she had drunk some of th e ginger beer she poured the remaining onto a dish and decomposed remains of a snail floated out of the bottle .she suffered shock and gastroenteritis .she sued the ginger beer manufacture. Was the manufacture liable to her negligence? The manufacture was reliable.The court held the manufacturers have general duty to entire consuming public to ensure their products do not contain potentially dangerous effects that can be discovered on a reasonable inspection lord Atkins said that you must take reasonable care to avoid acts or omission which you can reasonably foresee would be likely to injure your neighbor. Who the in law is your neighbor? The answer seems to be persons who are closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to act or omission3.2 .3 Social policyDuty of care will not generally be found if doing so would subject the defendants to an intermediate liability. policy considerat ion also apply in wide range of other cases where they allow the court to weigh competing consideration of legal policy to determine whether despite proof of foreseeability and neighbor hood duty should not be imposed either a tall the party need to succeed in his action. What this means is that general  policy issues are only taken into account where it would have been unreasonable to have expected the defendant to have done what would have been nesecassary to prevent the harm that occurred (stovin v wise)3.2.4ProximityWas the defendant so close that the plaintiff had to have him in mind? We have three ways to determine this (i) By physical proximity between the person or property of the plaintiff and the person or property of the defendant (ii) By circumstantial proximity that which exists in particular circumstances (iii) By causal proximity in the sense of closeness of directness of the relationship between the defendant particular act or omission and injury that the plaintiff sustained4.0 Duty of care for negligence advicesThere are clear differences between negligence word and negligence advice. Negligence words cannot cause loss by themselves. They cause loss only because persons act on them in reliance. second it is uncommon for people in social or informal context to make statements less carefully than if they were given advice in business or professionally the last words may be foreseeable receive such a coverage or circulation that application of (dongue v Stevenson) might lead to many claims for large amounts damages in the case (shaddock and associates v Parramatta city council {1981} 150 CLR 225) developed the following test of question4.1 Development of the law(i)Was the advice given on a serious matter? (ii)Did the speaker realize that or ought to have realized that his advice would be acted upon (iii)Was it reasonable for the recipient to act on the advice? Once the fact of the case supports the test it can be concluded that the advisor owed the plaintiff a duty of care4.2 Shaddock test, reliance and assumption of responsibility Shaddock and associate were interested in purchasing some land for development before they made enquires with the local council to ensure there were no plans that would affect they development the Parramatta city council issued a statement saying that there were no plans that would affect the block of land.Soon after purchasing the Parramatta council widened the road making the block smaller .shaddock could  not develop the land as planned because the block had become smaller .if they sold the land shaddock would lose the money because the value had dropped If someone gives information that they know will be relied upon and it is reasonable for others to rely upon it then there is duty to take reasonable care that the information is correct The advisor owed the plaintiff a duty of care in the case of shaddock associate v Parramatta city council5.0 Sufficient connection in lawThe plaintiff mus t prove that there was sufficient connection in law between the injury and the conduct. To satisfy this plaintiff must show that the breach actually caused the injury suffered which was due to reasonably foreseeable consequences’ of the breach. Sufficient connection in law has two components Causation -the defendant acts caused the plaintiff injury or loses Remoteness –if the defendant’s conducts did cause damage to the plaintiff is the defendant liable for the damage suffered by the plaintiff resulting from his negligence conductThe plaintiff must suffer actual damage recognized in law .the injury suffered by the plaintiff may fall in one of this classification personal physical injury loss of eye in mechanical injury, loss of hand in construction injury Property damage –involve actual physical damage to property Monetary or financial lose –involve lose of moneyLoses of wages5.1 Causation We ask the question on a balance of probability. Did the de fendant cause the plaintiff injury or lose? And to answer this we have some case test that we use5.1.1 But for test The but for test formulated by lord denning in cork v Kirby MacLean is useful for determining causation although it has limitations If you say damage would not have happened but for a particular fault then that fault is in fact a cause of the damage, but if you say the damage would have happened just the same fault or not, then the fault is not the cause of the damage when this happens you find both parties say but for your a fault it would not have happened but it’s both faults are the cause.In other words if the damage would not have happened without a particular fault then that  fault was the cause .the damage would have happened just the same way with or without the fault then the fault was not the cause (cork v Kirby Maclean ltd) The but for test to have some limitation for example say A and B light a fire independently each other in different places and meet up and burns down some house. Under the but for test neither B nor A is reliable as the house would still have burned by the other fire if he hadn’t lit a fire however in particular both would be held equally liable5.1.2 The common sense testThe high court has expressed dissatisfaction with the† but for test† and its limitation .pentony graw, lennard and parker (2003,p. 386) a preferred approach is to ask on the balance of probability the defendants acts or omission caused or materially contributed to the plaintiff loss damage or injury. The common sense test ask a question of fact (March v stramare (E&MH) pty ltd (1991)171CLR 506)5.1.3 Novus actus intervenesCertain activities or action may happen to prevent or break a chain of events or procedures and render the defendant not liable for particular losses suffered by the plaintiff. Consider an employee injured at work due negligence of his employer. they are been rushed to the hospital and the car he is in is involved in another accident causing further injuries to the patient .is the employer liable for this other accident suffered? Under this act it intervenes and rules that perhaps it carelessness of the other road users so the employer is not the cause and is not liable (knightly v johns {1982})5.2 REMOTNESSIn remoteness we look at the amount of damages the defendant is liable for. The defendant is not necessary liable for all the damages cause as the law must draw the line somewhere. In the case of wagon mound the defendant is not liable only for the kind of damage that were reasonably foreseeable that is damage suffered was not too remote. Example the defendant carelessly places a wooden plank which falls into a plaintiff ship hold and to unknown in both parties is full of vapors. The falling plank strikes and ignites the vapors with serious damages results with remoteness the defendant was not able to foresee that so the defendant is only liable for those type or kind  of injur y that are necessary foreseeable5.2.1 TEST OF REASONABLE FORESEEBILITYClearly personal injury or physical damages to property from impact are the kind or type of injury are reasonably foreseeable as the results of being hit by the plank, whilst an explosion is arguably to farfetched to be reasonably foreseeable .however if the defendant had known that the hold was full of vapor then the explosion may then be seen as reasonably foreseeable as a consequence of the plank5.2.2 EGG SHELL SKULL RULEEgg shell skull rule qualifies remoteness the issue of reasonable foreseebility in relation to personal injury .once the type of damage that is reasonably foreseeable is personal injury then the defendant is liable for all of that kind of injury actually suffered that s why the rule says that you must take you victim as you find him (egg shell skull rule )hence once some personal injury is reasonable foreseeable example if a person has some heart problem the you tell him to go and work in place where his heart will be affected and he collapses the egg shell rule applies (smith v leech brain &co ltd {1962})6.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ESSENTIAL ON DEFENDANT LIABILITYThe requirement that a plaintiff establish that a duty is owed by the defendant places a limit on the situation in which liability can arise in the first place . once the existence of duty care and its breach has been established , the requirement the plaintiff damages actually suffered not be too remote (that is reasonably foreseeable )place a limit on the extent of the defendant s liability .that is a duty of care limits when liability can rise in the first place ,and once establish ,remoteness limits its extent6.1 DAMAGESDefinition Damages is the sum of money payable by a defendant found the main purpose of an award of damage is fair compensation rather than punishment or retribution loss means the damage or loss suffered and can be in personal  property or pure economic terms damage is the sum of money awarded for loss or damage suffered 6.2CLASSIFICATION OF LOSSLosses for damage are awarded in negligence fall into two categories pecuniary And non pecuniary   Pecuniary loss is defined as loss which can be valued or determined by monetary value an award of damage for pecuniary loss aims to return the plaintiff as close as possible to the position he would have been in had the injury not occurred Non pecuniary – is defined as loss which is difficult to asses or determine precisely in money term. Award of damage for non pecuniary loss aim to compensate the plaintiff for their pain and suffering loss of amenity, expectation of life and so on as a result of the injury7.0ConclusionIn negligence we have to proof that duty off care was owed to the plaintiff by the defendant so that we can have been able to connect it with the law. If no duty of care is owed the plaintiff clam must fail. The judge has the responsibility to decide whether or not duty of care exists. If there are clear fac ts about it then duty of care is owed to the plaintiff. After establishing duty of care was owed the plaintiff must show that there was sufficient connection in law between the injury and the conduct to satisfy this the plaintiff must show that the breach actually caused the injury suffered which was type was a reasonable foreseeable

Alexander the Greats Impact on the World Essays - 1339 Words

Alexander the Great is without doubt one of the greatest military leaders of history. Not only did Alexander of Macedon conquer enormous areas of the known world but also he demonstrated dynamic leadership and masterful strategy on a large scale and tactics on the battlefield. During his life, he ruled the largest empire the world had ever seen, which stretched from ancient Greece to India. The son of King Phillip II of Macedon, Alexander was educated by the philosopher Aristotle and first led Macedonian troops at age 18. Many times Alexander was worshipped as a god in some of the countries he ruled. He had a huge impact on world history spreading the seeds of western culture and philosophy across the world and has legends and stories†¦show more content†¦The men in his army, families, historians, philosophers, poets, scientists and others traveling with Alexander carried their Western customs with them and he made sure to place Greek and Macedonian people in charge of his c onquests along the way. As a result, Western culture mixed with Eastern culture to create a new culture throughout Alexander’s Empire. Many people fail to realize that Alexander has had a definite affect on us today, although not as great as he would have had on people of the past. In most parts the world today, Alexander The Great is considered a legend; however, in some places, Alexander is considered a god. One of the most notable people in history, Alexander has reached an iconic status in our world today. He possibly may have even been referred to in the Quran (Surah 18:89-98). There are still many stories told about him including folktales, and movies. In modern Iran, Alexander is still known as an evil king who nearly destroyed the ancient Persian culture and religion. Although the effect of â€Å"Alexander Mania† has died down since the time of his reign, you can still see the mark that he has left on today’s world. One particular side effect that Alexanders conquests inspired admiration in the military leaders that followed after him, though he may have also made them feel a bit of status anxiety. Scipio Africanus, and hisShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Importance Of Charlemagnes Imperial Coronation?1735 Words   |  7 Pagesotherwise known as Charles The Great had a tremendous impact on Western Europe during the early middle ages. Charles the Great enquired many tittles while alive such as King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holly Roman Emperor from 800 (Latowsky, 2013). 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